The engine of a current generation car is quite different from what it used to be few decades back. While the basic process of combustion of air and fuel to generate force (that moves the piston) remains the same, the supporting mechanisms have come a long way.
EFFICIENCY:
Modern engines have technologies like 'direct injection' that help burn the fuel more efficinetly. Mechanisms to compress air help in better combustion while cylinder deactivation makes sure the engine uses only the amount of fuel that it requires.
POWER:
The average horsepower of a modern day engine is almost twice of what one got from its predecessors in the 80s.
SIZE:
Due to the increased power and efficiency of modern engines, manufacturers are building smaller packages that work as well as their larger siblings.
TECHNOLOGY:
With the help of technology, engines are now able to alter their operations based on the varying conditions of the car. So an engine does not fire all cylinders just for the heck of it, unlike an old V8 which would always run at peak capacity.
SUPPORTING COMPONENTS:
Presence of battery-powered electric motors help add extra power to the engines when needed. An electric motor as a backup, also helps save on fuel and keeps the size of the main engine in check
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